Access To Health Services

Kommentarer · 22 Visninger

This summary of the literature on Access to Health Services as a social determinant of health is a directly specified examination that is not intended to be exhaustive and may not resolve all.

This summary of the literature on Access to Health Services as a social determinant of health is a directly specified assessment that is not planned to be exhaustive and might not deal with all measurements of the problem. Please note: The terms used in each summary is constant with the respective references. For additional details on cross-cutting subjects, please see the Access to Medical care literature summary.


Related Objectives (4 )


Here's a snapshot of the goals connected to subjects covered in this literature summary. Browse all goals.


Increase the percentage of teenagers who had a preventive healthcare go to in the past year - AH-01
Increase the percentage of individuals with health insurance - AHS-01
Increase the proportion of individuals with oral insurance - AHS-02
Increase the proportion of adults who get advised evidence-based preventive health care - AHS-08


Related Evidence-Based Resources (5 )


Here's a picture of the evidence-based resources connected to subjects covered in this literature summary. Browse all evidence-based resources.


Breast Cancer: Screening
Cervical Cancer: Screening
Colorectal Cancer: Screening
Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations
Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General


Healthy People 2030 organizes the social factors of health into 5 domains:


Economic Stability
Education Access and Quality
Healthcare Access and Quality
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Social and Community Context
Literature Summary


The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (previously known as the Institute of Medicine) specify access to health care as the "prompt use of individual health services to achieve the finest possible health results."1 Many people face barriers that prevent or limit access to needed health care services, which may increase the threat of poor health outcomes and health disparities.2 This summary will discuss barriers to health care such as lack of health insurance coverage, poor access to transportation, and restricted healthcare resources, with a special focus on how these barriers effect under-resourced neighborhoods.


Unequal distribution of healthcare coverage adds to disparities in health.2 Out-of-pocket healthcare costs may lead individuals to postpone or give up required care (such as medical professional sees, dental care, and medications),3 and medical debt prevails amongst both insured and uninsured individuals.3,4 People with lower incomes are often uninsured,5,6,7,8 and minority groups represent over half of the uninsured population.9


Lack of health insurance protection might adversely impact health.9,10 Uninsured adults are less likely to receive preventive services for persistent conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.10,11 Similarly, kids without medical insurance coverage are less most likely to get proper treatment for conditions like asthma or crucial preventive services such as oral care, immunizations, and well-child visits that track developmental turning points.10


In contrast, research studies show that having medical insurance is related to enhanced access to health services and much better health monitoring.12,13,14 One research study showed that when previously uninsured adults ages 60 to 64 years ended up being qualified for Medicare at age 65 years, their usage of basic medical services increased.13 Similarly, providing Medicaid coverage to previously uninsured adults substantially increased their possibilities of receiving a diabetes diagnosis and using diabetic medications.15 Medicaid coverage is likewise vital for allowing children with unique health needs or persistent illnesses to access health services. The Children's Medical insurance Program (CHIP) provides sole coverage for 41 percent of kids with unique health care needs.16 Many healthcare resources are more widespread in communities where homeowners are well-insured,10 but the kind of insurance people have might matter as well. Medicaid patients, for circumstances, experience gain access to issues when residing in locations where few doctors accept Medicaid due to its lowered compensation rate.14,17,18


Medical insurance alone can not remove every barrier to care. Limited accessibility of healthcare resources is another barrier that might lower access to health services and increase the threat of bad health outcomes.19,20 For example, doctor scarcities may indicate that clients experience longer wait times and delayed care.18


Inconvenient or undependable transport can disrupt constant access to health care, possibly adding to negative health outcomes.21 Research has revealed that individuals from racial/ethnic minority groups who had an increased threat for extreme illness from COVID-19 were more likely to do not have transport to health care services.22 Transportation barriers and property partition are also associated with late-stage presentation of particular medical conditions (e.g., breast cancer).23,24,25


Expanding access to health services is a crucial step toward decreasing health disparities. Affordable health insurance coverage becomes part of the service, but aspects like economic, social, cultural, and geographical barriers to healthcare need to also be considered,20 as must new techniques to increase the efficiency of health care shipment.18,26,27 Further research study is needed to better comprehend barriers to health care, and this additional proof will help with public health efforts to attend to access to health services as a social determinant of health.


Citations


Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Monitoring Access to Personal Healthcare Services. (1993 ). Access to healthcare in America (M. Millman, Ed.). National Academies Press.


Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare (2003 ). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic variations in health care (B. D. Smedley, A. Y. Stith, & A. R. Nelson, Eds.). National Academies Press.


Pryor, C., & Gurewich, D. (2004 ). Getting care but paying the rate: how medical debt leaves numerous in Massachusetts dealing with hard choices. The Access Project.


Herman, P. M., Rissi, J. J., & Walsh, M. E. (2011 ). Medical insurance status, medical financial obligation, and their influence on access to care in Arizona. American Journal of Public Health, 101( 8 ), 1437-1443.


Hadley, J. (2003 ). Sicker and poorer - the consequences of being uninsured: A review of the research study on the relationship in between health insurance coverage, medical care use, health, work, and earnings. Medical-Car Research and Review, 60(2_suppl), 3S-75S.


Franks, P., Clancy, C. M., & Gold, M. R. (1993 ). Health insurance coverage and death: Evidence from a national mate. JAMA, 270( 6 ), 737-741.


Zhu, J., Brawarsky, P., Lipsitz, S., Huskamp, H., & Haas, J. S. (2010 ). Massachusetts health reform and variations in coverage, access and health status. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25( 12 ), 1356-1362.


DeNavas-Walt, C. (2010 ). Income, hardship, and health insurance coverage in the United States (2005 ). Diane Publishing.


Majerol, M., Newkirk, V., & Garfield, R. (2015 ). The uninsured: A guide. Kaiser Family Foundation Publication, 7451-10.


Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Health Insurance Status and Its Consequences. (2009 ). America's uninsured crisis: Consequences for health and health care. National Academies Press.


Ayanian, J. Z., Weissman, J. S., Schneider, E. C., Ginsburg, J. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2000 ). Unmet health requirements of uninsured grownups in the United States. JAMA, 284( 16 ), 2061-2069.


Baicker, K., Taubman, S. L., Allen, H. L., Bernstein, M., Gruber, J. H., Newhouse, J. P., ... & Finkelstein, A. N. (2013 ). The Oregon experiment - results of Medicaid on clinical outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine, 368( 18 ), 1713-1722.


McWilliams, J. M., Zaslavsky, A. M., Meara, E., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2003 ). Impact of Medicare coverage on basic medical services for previously uninsured grownups. JAMA, 290( 6 ), 757-764.


Buchmueller, T. C., Grumbach, K., Kronick, R., & Kahn, J. G. (2005 ). Book evaluation: The effect of health insurance coverage on medical care utilization and implications for insurance coverage expansion: A review of the literature. Medical Care Research and Review, 62( 1 ), 3-30.


Myerson, R., & Laiteerapong, N. (2016 ). The Affordable Care Act and diabetes medical diagnosis and care: Exploring the prospective effects. Current Diabetes Reports,16( 4 ), 1-8.


Musumeci, M. (2018 ). Medicaid's role for kids with special health care requirements. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 46( 4 ), 897-905.


Decker, S. L. (2012 ). In 2011 almost one-third of doctors stated they would not accept new Medicaid clients, but rising costs may assist. Health Affairs, 31( 8 ), 1673-1679.


Bodenheimer, T., & Pham, H. H. (2010 ). Medical care: Current issues and proposed solutions. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 29( 5 ), 799-805. doi: 10.1377/ hlthaff.2010.0026.


National Association of Community Health Centers and the Robert Graham Center. (2007 ). Access rejected: A look at America's clinically disenfranchised. National Association of Community Health Centers, Incorporated.


Douthit, N., Kiv, S., Dwolatzky, T., & Biswas, S. (2015 ). Exposing some essential barriers to healthcare gain access to in the rural USA. Public Health, 129( 6 ), 611-620. doi: 10.1016/ j.puhe.2015.04.001.


Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2013 ). Traveling towards illness: Transportation barriers to healthcare gain access to. Journal of Community Health, 38( 5 ), 976-993. doi: 10.1007/ s10900-013-9681-1.


Clay, S. L., Woodson, M. J., Mazurek, K., & Antonio, B. (2021 ). Racial variations and COVID-19: Exploring the relationship in between race/ethnicity, personal elements, health access/affordability, and conditions related to an increased seriousness of COVID-19. Race and Social Problems, 1-13. doi: 10.1007/ s12552-021-09320-9.


Dai, D. (2010 ). Black domestic partition, variations in spatial access to healthcare facilities, and late-stage breast cancer diagnosis in metropolitan Detroit. Health & Place, 16( 5 ), 1038-1052. doi: 10.1016/ j.healthplace.2010.06.012.


Tarlov, E., Zenk, S. N., Campbell, R. T., Warnecke, R. B., & Block, R. (2009 ). Characteristics of mammography center locations and stage of breast cancer at medical diagnosis in Chicago. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York City Academy of Medicine, 86( 2 ),196 -213. doi: 10.1007/ s11524-008-9320-9.


Wang, F., McLafferty, S., Escamilla, V., & Luo, L. (2008 ). Late-stage breast cancer diagnosis and health care gain access to in Illinois. Professional Geographer, 60( 1 ), 54-69. doi: 10.1080/ 00330120701724087.


Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Lu, Y. (2013 ). Primary care physician shortages might be eliminated through use of groups, nonphysicians, and electronic interaction. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 32( 1 ), 11-19. doi: 10.1377/ hlthaff.2012.1086.


Rieselbach, R. E., Crouse, B. J., & Frohna, J. G. (2010 ). Teaching medical care in community university hospital: Addressing the labor force crisis for the underserved. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152( 2 ), 118-122.

Kommentarer